Cross stitch stitch types, explained with pictures
Updated October 8, 2026 · 2 min read
Most of a pattern is full crosses, but charts also use a few special stitches for smooth curves, outlines and tiny details. Here is what each one looks like on the chart, how to make it, and when designers use it.
Full cross stitch
Two diagonal stitches over one square, making an X. It is shown on the chart as a symbol (or coloured square) filling one square. Work the bottom legs along a row, then return with the top legs — and keep every top leg pointing the same way.
Half stitch
Just one diagonal leg of a cross. It covers the fabric more lightly, so designers use it for shading, backgrounds and misty effects. On the chart it often appears as a smaller symbol or a single diagonal line.
Quarter and three-quarter stitches
Fractional stitches go from a corner to the centre of the square. A quarter stitch is one short leg; a three-quarter stitch is a half stitch plus a quarter stitch. They let a square hold two colours split along a diagonal, which makes curves and edges much smoother. On Aida you pierce the middle of the square with the needle.
Backstitch
Straight lines of stitches along the edges of squares, used for outlines, lettering, whiskers and fine details. It is normally worked last, on top of the crosses, often with one strand. On the chart it is drawn as a solid line with its own colour in the legend.
French knots
Small raised dots for eyes, flower centres and sparkle. Bring the needle up, wrap the floss once or twice around it, and go back down right next to where you came up while holding the thread taut. They are shown as dots or small circles on the chart.
Blended threads
Some squares use two different colours in the same needle — for example one strand of a light blue and one of a grey. Blending creates in-between shades that are not in the thread range. The legend lists both thread numbers for that symbol.
Charts that show every stitch clearly
PIXVIX charts use a clear symbol for each thread, bold 10×10 lines and a full legend, so you always know what to stitch next.
Try the free demoQuestions
- Which direction should the top stitch go?
- Either direction works, as long as every top stitch in the piece goes the same way. Most stitchers work / first and then \ on top.
- Can I skip fractional stitches?
- Yes. You can replace a three-quarter stitch with a full cross in the stronger colour. The edge looks a little more blocky, but it is perfectly acceptable, especially on a first project.
- How many strands for backstitch?
- Usually one strand for fine details and two for bold outlines on 14-count Aida. The pattern legend normally tells you.